8 Red Flags to Avoid When Finding a Freelance Writing Job

Youre new to independent composition. Also, prepare to be blown away. The one thing you are stressed over is whether an independent composing work is a trick or is truly authentic. How would you know whether an independent composing work on an occupation board is genuine and is actually a decent venture to land? Ive been independent composition for some time, and in that opportunity Ive arrive around potential employments that shout trick or not justified, despite any potential benefits for me. Im about simple gigs that are repeating, and I get paid for my important composition. I work with independent ventures and nativeâ digital brands †however before all else that wasnt the case. I took any internet composing gig that came my direction. So as another independent author I expounded on (and got paid for): Shrewd gadgets Vehicles VFX Hypersensitivities Efficiency Web based life promoting Dentistry Working at home WordPress These gigs were for the most part secured on various position sheets or through inbound leads (reaching me for my administrations). A portion of those gigs I despite everything compose for or am in contact with the proprietors. Be that as it may, dont misunderstand me †I didnt simply apply to any independent activity I saw. I searched for warnings that revealed to me this gig could be a likely trick, not pay for my composition or just wasnt real. What's more, while I go more into this in my independent composing course, gives up into the review of what to pay special mind to when getting an independent composing line of work. 1. Independent Writing Job Wanting a Free Sample Presently look †Im for composing for nothing. Indeed, you read that right. You need to begin from the beginning in the event that you are totally new to independent composition. You need to take care of your obligations as it were. This implies composing for nothing by: Beginning a blog Making tests for your portfolio Visitor posting In any case, on the off chance that you are looking through a vocation board and the set of working responsibilities says they need an exceptional example from you (and doesnt notice that its a paid example) †dont apply to that gig. This organization or site is searching with the expectation of complimentary substance, particularly if the activity peruses practically like a substance factory †is looking for mass substance for almost no compensation. I skirt these gigs without a doubt! 2. Independent Writing Job Wanting You to Write Like Neil Patel Presently, wouldnt you love it in the event that you can whip out substance as quick and as profound level as Neil Patel? Would i be able to disclose to you a mystery? Im almost certain Neil has content journalists that help him as he has various online journals and makes a blog entry consistently for every one of his sites (he additionally has writes in various dialects as well). In the event that you are new to Neil Patel, look at this blog and take a gander at the nature of composing that is siphoned out. So when independent company and advertisers see his web journals, they consequently think that is the substance for them (without taking a gander at their own crowd). What's more, when they post an occupation advertisement for an independent author, they anticipate that you should compose this sort of substance. In any case, pay you next to no for that content. I compose computerized promoting content that can be up to 5k words that is profound level and industry explicit. My rate for that begins at $200 per 500 words. This sort of substance takes me days to investigate compose and great. I esteem my time and I trust the organizations I team up esteem my composition too. However, on the off chance that I see an occupation advertisement with Neil Patel in the promotion, I dont take a gander at the gig any longer. This business has elevated standards and may not esteem my value as an author. So disregard those gigs, if it's not too much trouble 3. There is No Online Presence For the Brand or Business A possible warning for an independent composing work advertisement is if the brand has no online nearness. I am an online author, and I have to figure out the brand or business to check whether Im a solid match for them. On the off chance that they are mysterious about that (or a spic and span startup), this organization wont pay you what you are worth. They are searching for modest substance in mass to dispatch their business with. Obviously, I can not be right. There are acceptable quality organizations that dont have an online nearness, yet on the off chance that you get in touch with them and get some information about their business, you can get a vibe on the off chance that they are true and authentic. Be that as it may, by and large, on the off chance that they dont have a LinkedIn profile or Twitter profile and no Facebook page or business site, at that point dont apply to this gig either! 4. The Gig Pays Very Little (But the Project is HUGE) While Im just for composing for nothing, Im not tied in with composing colossal tasks for almost no compensation. This does not merit your time, and this isnt taking care of your obligations. I would approve of a low-paying gig if the substance venture is little. For instance, 300-500 words or 30-minute errands that I can whip out quick. In any case, if this undertaking will take you hours or days, you can advance that time much better with day by day independent composing tasksâ instead. Along these lines, focus on how much substance they look for, the kind of substance they look for and the compensation. Presently, what occurs if the independent composing work advertisement doesnt indicate a rate? All things considered, its a hazard to take. Present your independent composing pitch and in the event that they answer requesting your rate, give your top rate. Its no misfortune to you in the event that they dont recruit you, however on the off chance that they do, at that point that is your optimal gig in that spot! 5. The Freelance Writing Job Ad Has Poor Grammar I get this. Online entrepreneurs know they arent the best scholars, so they recruit out composition. Yet, here and there you simply get an inclination that if a vocation promotion is ineffectively composed, this customer might not have the spending plan. They may search out Neil Patel composing, however from the poor language structure, I wager they arent ready to pay as much as possible for it. Its an interesting point, yet it may not be a connection. For instance, on the off chance that I get requests with poor sentence structure, undoubtedly the gig isnt low paying or low quality. The way that they searched me out and messaged me requesting my administrations is a decent sign that they comprehend the estimation of substance I make. However, not generally! 6. The Freelance Writing Job Ad is Sparse With Little Information This is like an occupation promotion about a business with no online nearness. In the event that the activity promotion is short, doesnt determine the undertaking or recurrence of substance, at that point I wouldnt apply to that activity advertisement. This business may not so much need an author and are simply getting their sensors out to see whats out there and if there is a modest independent essayist they can get. To me, this activity advertisement doesnt shout quality by any stretch of the imagination. 7. The Client Will Pay You When You Hit Their Metrics Once more, theres a correct method to compose for nothing and an incorrect way. What's more, along these lines †getting paid for this kind of presentation †is the incorrect way. I don't get this' meaning? It implies that you will possibly get paid if your substance gets X number of offers or X number of site hits. While this isnt awful when you visitor post (since you are composing for nothing), I wouldnt do this venture as a real independent composing work. You cannot live on presentation! 8. Need You to Skype and Download a Guide Skype is an extraordinary method to become acquainted with a possible customer, yet on the off chance that work advertisement requests a Skype talk with, Id be reluctant. This can be a warning. A Writeto1k course understudy referenced: I had one a day or two ago that’s as far as anyone knows regular where you include somebody Skype, and they send you â€Å"guidelines† to download, however the rules are a virus. I would have been sunk on the off chance that I didn’t have a Mac. By and by, I have never done numerous Skype calls with expected customers. I have, however, done Skype calls with my independent composing customers. In this way, this is something to focus on. Be Safe and Land the Right Freelance Writing Job Independent composing has a huge amount of potential. There are more extraordinary things about it than negative things. For me, I hustled at the outset, yet the objective for independent authors is to have the employments come to them. Understand that author stage advanced with your essayist site, internet based life nearness and portfolio to draw in the correct employments for you! You with me? Tell me in the remarks other warnings youve go over when getting an independent composing line of work! Need a Website For Your Freelance Writing But Stuck With the Tech Part?

New Product Launch Free Essays

NEW PRODUCT LAUNCH: UB GROUP †SOFT DRINK â€Å"MIST† COMPANY OVERVIEW United Breweries Limited (UBL) †has accepted undisputed market initiative with a national piece of the pie in abundance of half. Through a procedure of forceful securing and market infiltration, The UB Group today controls 60% of the all out assembling limit with respect to Beer in India. The lead brand, Kingfisher is currently sold in more than 52 nations overall having gotten numerous honors for its quality. We will compose a custom paper test on New Product Launch or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Full scale ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS Political Factors The political powers influence the brew business to an enormous degree. The paces of the brew in different pieces of the nation are influenced by the charges and obligations applied by the Govt. The political powers additionally influence the valuing of the brew by bringing down the obligations or deregulating the appropriation channel. This prompts lower edges for the dispersion channel accomplices. In any case, as 75% of the Indian market is secured by two players, there hasn’t been a decrease in the edges of the makers. The tax assessment approaches likewise influence the utilization designs. Monetary Factors India is home to about one-6th of the worldwide populace and is one of the most alluring buyer showcases on the planet today. The absolute worth of Indian Beer Market is Rs 750 crore. This market is required to grow by 39% by 2010. The lager utilization has been developing at a CAGR of 7% over most recent nine years. India gives alluring overall revenues because of the merged idea of the business. Different research examines have demonstrated that an ascent in the salary levels has an immediate constructive outcome on lager utilization. The National Council for Applied Economic Research (NCAER) ventures India’s ‘very rich’, ‘consuming’ and ‘climbers’ classes to develop at a CAGR of 15 percent, 10 percent and 2 percent individually. Consequently, India gives abundant open doors for the UB Group to develop. Social Factors A profound situated conventional social repugnance for liquor utilization has been a customary element of the Indian culture. Nonetheless, as urban shoppers become progressively presented to western ways of life, through abroad travel and the media, their demeanor towards liquor is unwinding. Social propensities are experiencing a change as blended beverages are getting increasingly famous. The best proof of this pattern is the expansion in brew utilization among ladies. An ever increasing number of ladies are devouring brew †the infiltration in metropolitan regions is twice as high as the entrance in other enormous urban communities †suggesting that the more noteworthy resilience towards liquor utilization in metropolitan territories encourages the utilization of lager. With expanding urbanization, this acknowledgment is just going to rise. As a result of the high birth rates pervasive until the 1990s, an enormous extent of the Indian populace is in the age gathering of 20-34 years. This age bunch is the most fitting objective for brew advertisers. This populace pattern will give a further lift to the development of lager utilization in India. Innovative Beer industry isn't innovation explicit. As the UB bunch is perhaps the most seasoned player in the market, they have accomplished economies of scale. In this way, mechanical factor isn't critical for the brew showcase. SWOT ANALYSIS PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL Threat of new Entrants †Low In India, lager industry is developing with 11% CAGR making it appealing for new players. Solid brands like Kingfisher and Hayward’s which are now settled and have solid brand review will make it intense for new participants and they are relied upon to battle to extend their purchaser base as they attempt to infiltrate the brew advertise in India. Outside brewers have been looking at the Indian market for certain years now since India is broadly recognized to be the last undiscovered enormous development showcase. A few global brewers have fabricated brand affiliations and are showcasing their brands forcefully through different retail location advancements all through their appropriation systems. In any case, with solid players in the market any new contestant will confront issues of: an) Economies of scale †For instance advantage related with mass buys and deals †make high obstructions to the national and worldwide markets ) Cost of section †For instance interest in innovation, costs related with deals c) Distribution channel For instance straightforward entry for contenders d) Government Legislations - Introduction of new laws may debilitate have unfavorable impacts e) Differentiation †For instance certain brands that can't be duplicated f) Supplier power †Possibility of forward mix by provider Barg aining intensity of providers †Low Due to expanding expenses of crude material and diminishing expense of grain providers, haggling intensity of providers was high yet by doing in reverse joining, done by obtaining Maltex Malsters Ltd. what's more, moving their creation of lager on malt the organization has accomplished a hang on its crude material and impressively diminished provider quality and reliance. Organization has additionally gone into cooperation with Government of Punjab and Haryana for gracefully of its crude material. Bartering intensity of purchasers †Moderate This factor quantifies the degree to which clients are effective in compelling costs down, or making sure about high caliber or more help at a similar cost. Clients will in general be ground-breaking when the amounts they buy structure a huge part of the seller’s complete deals. Purchasers do have a reasonable comprehension about the quality and as there are not many players in the market the client can't impact the cost in any critical manner. Yet, while this is genuine a decrease in consumable pay shifts shopper inclinations from premium brands to bring down valued brands since the exchanging costs is low. Because of this the haggling intensity of purchaser will in general increment. Danger of substitutes †Moderate India is transcendently a spirits market and lager has generally been a minority inclination for the individuals who devour refreshment liquor. Along these lines substitutes are the greatest danger as inclination for lager among liquor refreshment consumers is less yet in addition the low entrance in brew utilization in contrast with worldwide levels offers the potential for generous and practical development sought after for lager in India for quite a long time to come. Contention among Competitors †Low to Moderate Rivalry is the methods through which contenders battle for position by utilizing strategies, for example, value, rivalry, commercial fights, and new item presentation, to bring down the benefits of rivals in the business. As expressed above CAGR of 11% is normal for brew in the following 5 years because of which numerous MNCs are peering toward the Indian market. At present the significant adversaries for Kingfisher Premium are Budweiser, Carlsberg, Foster and Tiger and for Kingfisher Strong it’s Hayward 2000, Hayward 5000, Palone. SABMiller who came to India by securing little distilleries and has made its hold as top rated solid brew brand yet at the same time Kingfisher has figured out how to remain the biggest selling solid lager brand with 29% piece of the overall industry. There are likewise some little nearby players cap are in the market yet are a sorry danger to Kingfisher. Key FIT OF MIST WITH UNITED BREWERIES GROUP The UB Group (United Breweries Group) is a multi-faceted aggregate with business premiums in Beverage Alcohol, Pharmaceuticals, Media, International Trading, Aviation, Fertilizer, Research Development, and Infrastructure Development with a significant spotlight on the bott ling works (lager) and mixed drinks industry a large portion of which is advertised under the Kingfisher brand. UB Group is now intending to wander into the mineral water portion by means of the Kingfisher Himalayan Water Brand. Along these lines deliberately figuring Mist will be an ideal fit in the UB Group’s development plans. Indeed presentation of a soda pop will make UB Group present in all forms of beverages and will be a magnificent method to connect with clients who respect the Kingfisher mark yet don't expend mixed drinks. Propelling Mist will be a type of line expansion and will assist it with reacting to customer’s needs well. On the off chance that we see the characteristics of Mist, I. e. experience, vitality, fun and the â€Å"Hat Ke† disposition; it is particularly in a state of harmony with the current brand picture of UB Group. Fog being a soda pop, it is exceptionally important to guarantee legitimate dispersion of the item. This is the place UB Group can utilize its center competency of having a solid dissemination system and bank upon its notoriety with respect to the severe quality control estimates it follows. Additionally on the off chance that we take a gander at the soda pop market, the main direct contender of Mist is Mountain Dew and the market for sodas giving the arrangement of advantages as Mist is in a development stage. That makes it an ideal second to present a beverage like Mist under the Kingfisher brand name. Considering the sync between Mist traits and Kingfisher’s brand picture, we can likewise utilize the occasions held by the UB Group like the Derby, Kingfisher Calendar, IPL matches , capacities like the Incredible India Party held a year ago at Cannes and the TV channel NDTV Good Times to build mindfulness about Mist. It can utilize the cricket and Bollywood stars previously connected with Kingfisher brand to underwrite the item and help fabricate a solid associate with its dependable clients. Added to that serving Mist in the Kingfisher Airlines will be a reat method of making future clients evaluate the beverage. Item INTRODUCTION Mist is a soda pop that is being propelled by UB bunch under Kingfisher brand. It is a citrus seasoned beverage and not at all like other sodas, it is increasingly carbonated and has elevated levels of caffeine. Showcasing STRATEGY SEGMENTATION Demographic Segmentation 1. AgeA shopper needs and needs change with age

How to Succeed at Argumentative Sociology Essays

How to Succeed at Argumentative Sociology EssaysGood Argumentative Sociology essays are designed to generate a whole range of interesting points of view that will be more likely to interest the reader, and are not restricted to one specific topic. Good Argumentative Sociology topics should be well thought out in order to attract the right audience, and remain interesting even after you have gone through your argument.Sociologists are a specialised academic group, which can be quite demanding. Your topic needs to be a topical one, so it will be well researched, and offer useful ideas for debate, rather than just a bit of your own opinion. The same goes for the length of the essay. It is worth remembering that the other topics you are trying to address must also be fairly well researched.Sociologists are often called upon to make social and political conclusions, and many sociologists are experts in sociology. You must therefore be able to translate your research into clear concise wri ting, and your topic must be relevant to sociological research. The target audience will be educated professionals with a variety of views, and you will therefore need to be able to present your ideas in a manner that will appeal to the majority of them.Sociologists differ from other academic disciplines in that they often work in a very particular area and are often asking very particular questions, as opposed to looking at specific situations in a totally abstract manner. You will need to be aware of this if you want to get good at Argumentative Sociology essays.As well as the subject matter and the research you will need to undertake, there are other aspects that can affect your ability to write good Argumentative Sociologists essay topics. The most important aspect is that you will need to have a good idea of the style of writing you want to use, as different styles will produce different results.For example, the Sociologists' research often focuses on specific issues in a speci fic society, and is not completely abstract. To successfully write an Argumentative Sociologists essay, you need to be able to look at your data from a sociological perspective, rather than any sort of 'expert'scientific' perspective. This may be a very different approach to approaching the data, but if you know how to do it, then this is the approach you will need to adopt.Finally, in order to write an Argumentative Sociologists essay, you will need to know how to communicate the facts of your findings to the reader. This means that you will need to know how to use statistics, graphs, and charts, as well as how to make clear and concise arguments.Whilst your audience may be Sociologists, you will still need to understand and adapt the research style, and learn how to write persuasive arguments, in order to get good at Argumentative Sociologists essay topics. Good Argumentive Sociology writing is a complex undertaking and will require several months of dedicated study, and lots of p ractice.

Black in Latin America - 688 Words

Black in Latin America: Haiti and the dominican Republic 1) How did Haiti and the Dominican Republic begin? What European countries influenced the development of these nations? - Haiti and the Dominican Republic is an island with two countries of Hispaniola. Haiti makes up 1/3 of the island while the Dominican Republic makes up the rest of the 2/3 of the island. The Dominican Republic contains a mix blood of Afro-European population with the history of Spanish colonialism, while Haiti has African-caribbean population with the background of french colonialism. 2) What role did colonization have in the development of the concept of race in the Dominican Republic? What are the differences between the concept of race in Haiti and the†¦show more content†¦My worldview did change watching this video. On an island that is so diverse with many different races and cultures and the fact that the island has to be divided due to their differences makes me blame the past. Because of the people from the past that created racial issues on their own and did not know how to deal and understand each other, makes how those countries are today with each other which i s distraught and disorganized. These nations are trapped by historicalShow MoreRelatedGeorge Reid Andrews Afro Latin America1584 Words   |  7 PagesGEORGE REID ANDREWS: AFRO-LATIN AMERICA In this paper, I would arguer that the history of USA is intertwined with the issue of Blacks – their enslavement and freedom but it has not as yet been focused that this subject has far greater impact in Central and Latin America, thus the greater impact of blacks in Central and Latin America would be the main theme or argument of this paper. This book, Afro-Latin America by George Reid, is the first attempt to focus on this side of the African DiasporaRead MoreThe American Of Latin America944 Words   |  4 Pagesstatesmen in Latin America began to adopt ideologies of race mixture in an effort to advance nation-building projects based on notions of inclusion and racial equality. These notions which where said to promote racial inclusivity included mestizaje. The ideology of mestizaje often times enabled exclusion through racial terms and marginalization. In order to grasp how such an ideology has created a paradoxical and contradictory outcome politically, economically, and socially for black communities inRead MoreRace, By John Davidson892 Words   |   4 Pagesconstantly in many sources and evidence of the past. This has led many historians to merely regard race as another mode of explanation, which is the case for studying race in Latin America. One historian, John Davidson (like a few others) are somewhat doubtful about the concept of race. He like many others fears that it is way too clumsy to describe as well as too complex. Many historians do not like using concepts that are fabricated. As Davidson says â€Å"race exists as a socially constructed realityRead MoreRace And Gender Has Not Only Shaped The Lives Of People881 Words   |  4 Pagescolonial Latin America as well. The hierarchical system in colonial Latin America was that people of whiter skin enjoyed more privilege (white privilege as a category of whiteness) and more power than people of darker skin. In terms of gender, men were seen as superior to women. The issue of racism developed since colonial times, where people of darker skin were the ones who have been oppressed by people of lighter skin, one example of this was slavery. Interestingly, in colonial Latin America, one’sRead MoreAn Active Role in Shaping History Essay1590 Words   |  7 PagesAn Active Role in Shaping History From the beginning of their colonization and enslavement, the histories of the Africans and the African-descended were shaped ultimately by outsiders. The colonization of Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America were all controlled and executed by the Europeans. The slave trade and plantations were also under the power of whites. Even the emancipation of slaves, though the African-descended definitely contributed, was mostly shaped by and a result of decisionsRead MoreEssay on Ethnicity and Latin America1140 Words   |  5 PagesEthnicity and Latin America Latin America and the American colonies were â€Å"tamed† based on completely different ideologies. From a Latin American perspective, the most important of the European explorers were of course, the Spanish and the Portuguese. 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This movement had strong Romanian Catholic roots bolstered in ColombiaRead MoreAfro Latino Identity : America1066 Words   |  5 PagesNyya Bradley Professor Ada Diaz English 003-10 February 18, 2015 Afro-Latino Identity in America Imagine you are a person of mixed Latino race living in the United States and you are preparing to fill out a census form. None the choices accurately display who you are racially. This is a problem for many people of Afro-Latino descent. An Afro-Latino is defined as any person who is of both Latin and African descent. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines Hispanic or Latino as â€Å"a person

1994 Dbq Apush Essay - 666 Words

Kevin Li 1994 DBQ APUSH To what extent was late 19th century and early 20th century US expansionism a continuation of past US expansionism and to what extent was it a departure? Over the years the United States expansionism has experienced many different changes. The United States has expanded for many different reasons such as the economy, land, and even God. Expansionism is now a continuation of past United States expansionism but was more so a departure. The United States has progressed economically and as a result methods of expansionism have evolved but it also tried to stay with the ideals of the forefathers. In Document C the importance of naval power is expressed and it outlines the obligations: the†¦show more content†¦All of the major departures show hints of the United States forefather’s ideals. The expansion into foreign lands comes from Manifest Destiny and the idea that the Anglo-Saxon, or WASP, was mandated by God to expand into these territories. In Document B it states that â€Å"The race of unequalled energy, with all the majesty of numbers and the might of wealth behind it-the representative, let us hope, of the largest liberty, the purest Christianity, the highest civilization.† Although the continuation of the United States expansionism was limited, they continued to stay true to the Monroe Doctrine. The Roosevelt Corollary comes directly from the Monroe Doctrine which protected the rights of struggling Latin American countries and their fights for freedom. â€Å"Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of international police power.† This is stated in Document F. Like anything i n the world with good continuations comes bad continuations, for example the people of the United States never fully recognized immigrants or Native Americans as

Summary Pearl Harbor - 808 Words

Blake Austin Mrs. Dennison Language Arts 11 6 December 2016 Pearl Harbor Gowrie, Iowa native, Orval Hasty needed money to attend college, so he joined the marines in 1940, he ended up earning this money after the war. He got assigned at Ford Island to guard In February 1941. Around the 450 acre island there were other vessels and battleships. Orval said, It was good duty. The climate was nice, we weren t overworked and it was fun, with regard to the Naval Air Station Ford Island. When not at work Orval attended flying lessons, visited shows, and hung out at beaches. Sleeping in on Sunday mornings was normal for Marines and Sailors not on duty. Orval got up early asking his parents about his driver’s license through the mail. Orval didn’t know what was about to happen. No one knew. Before dawn 183 Japanese bomber planes, torpedo planes and fighter planes took flight on their way to Pearl Harbor. Wave two came later. We didn t think much of them. With all the ships, we felt secure, Orval Hasty stated about Japan. Just before 8 in the morning, this statement changed. Orval heard planes from barracks so he went outside. There were explosions and gunfire. It was a furious deal. The sky was filled with planes, flames, smoke and dust, Orval said. He was scared, but he quickly joined the battle. I was too young to do much thinking, Orval added. Orval was ordered to distribute information about the attack to the officers. He got in a truck and headed off. Near theShow MoreRelatedBattle of Pearl Harbor975 Words   |  4 Pagesanalyzed Editors’ (2012) view of the causations of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the planning of the Japanese and U.S. military commanders on the attack of Pearl Harbor. Also, this paper will suggest that World War II started in Japan years before historians believe the war was initiated in Europe. 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Roosevelt addressed the United States Congress with his memorable speech including â€Å"a date which will live in infamy.† Next, I would like to bring focus to the rhetorical aspect of the main purpose and the relevance of FDR’s captivating speech. The speech that was held on December 8th. 1941 had two purposes. One was to urge Congress to formally declare war on JapanRead MoreThe Role the Media Played in Helping the United States Join World War II1142 Words   |  5 Pagesbe mentioned but only minor. Two of the sources used in this essay Freedom Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War Two by Arthur Herman and World War II in Europe by World Book: Chicago are evaluated and used in this essay. â€Æ' Summary of Evidence Propaganda Posters †¢ â€Å"Roosevelt thought that propaganda should tell the American people the truth and popular culture was seen to be inherently democratic as it was produced ‘by the people for the people’.† (Murray 142) †¢ â€Å"Women were alsoRead MoreJapan was better prepared for World War II2575 Words   |  11 Pagesthe world at the beginning of the Pacific War. (Evan and Peattie, p500) In its 1941 preparation for Pearl Harbor, Japanese naval technicians determined that their tactics lacked the accuracy in high altitude bombing desired for success in this operation. To correct this, the Japanese navy began by lowering their drop altitude to 10,000 feet which resulted in an 80 percent hit rate at Pearl Harbor. 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European origins of economic development - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the European origins of economic development. Answer: Introduction Australia is well known for its mixed economic structure and highly developed nature. It is one of wealthier nations of world. Both in terms of nominal GDP and PPP-adjusted GDP Australia is ahead of several nations. When compared with per capita GDP, Australia ranks ahead of Canada, Germany, UK and France. Agriculture in Australia constitutes 3% of GDP. The large stock of natural resources especially minerals helps to build a strong mining sector. Despite having several industries, the contribution of manufacturing in economic growth has declined in recent years. This gap is filled with growth of service sectors especially financial services. Four largest banks in Australia are listed among 50 safest banks of world. Australia has a comparative advantage over a range of goods and services including products with high technology like scientific and medical equipment, processed food and high quality wine. The service exports of Australia include tourism and education, financial and prof essional services. Along with domestic sectors, trade has made significant contribution to economic growth of Australia. In the current research paper, performance trend of Australia is evaluate using some of the basic indicators. Economic growth is captured from the movement of real GDP which in turn affects employment and price level. Cash rate controlled by monetary authority influences investment and growth. The performance of external sector depends on the trend exchange rate and balance of trade. Performance Analysis Evaluation of economic relation between GDP and other important variables Gross Domestic product of a nation is measure of the value of goods and services of a nation in money terms. All the produced goods and services are evaluated in terms of their market price. Now, there are two approaches for computing GDP. One is to use market price for the accounting year and other is to consider prices of a fixed based year. The former is called nominal GDP while the latter is known as real GDP (Baumol and Blinder, 2016). Real GDP being adjusted for inflation is a more accurate measure of economic output and hence growth. For this, while evaluating economic growth of Australia real GDP is used. Figure 1: Trend in real GDP (Data source: data.worldbank.org, 2018) The figure above shows trend in real GDP for the chosen sample period. Mean growth rate in Australia for the period is 3.1%. The growth rate has constituted a fluctuating trend flowing crisis in domestic and international economies. A steep fall in the growth rate is experienced during 1991. The growth becomes negative. The tight monetary policy undertaken by Reserve bank of Australia is one major contributor of negative economic growth during this time. However, the economy gradually recovered and attained a maximum growth rate of 5.1% in 1999. Beyond 1999, the growth rate though fluctuates and undergone with some upturn and downturn but remain positive and around its average trend. Australia being closely related with United States was supposed to be affected from mortgage crisis occurred in US during 2008 (Easterly and Levine, 2016). However, the support from Australian government in the form of a stimulatory package of $11.8 billion and a relatively strong banking and financial s ector has helped to minimize the recession risk. Growth rate though fell after 2008 but remain positive and close to 2%. GDP is the sum of expenditure incurred in an economy in the given year. It includes consumption expenditure, investment expenditure, government spending and net export. Therefore, each component has direct relation with GDP (Acemoglu, Laibson and List, 2017). After analyzing trend growth rate now the relation between GDP and other macro variables are examined. Correlation matrix Correlation is a statistical tool to find out a general relation between two or more variables. The correlation between GDP and chosen variables is computed using general the historical data of twenty-six years. Table 1: Correlation between GDP and five indicators Real GDP growth rate Interest rate (Cash rate) Unemployment rate Inflation rate Exchange rate (AUD/US) Net export Real GDP growth rate 1 Interest rate (Cash rate) -0.08 1 Unemployment rate -0.13 0.28 1 Inflation rate -0.03 0.64 -0.23 1 Exchange rate (AUD/US) 0.20 0.04 0.26 0.08 1 Net export 0.23 0.26 0.55 -0.02 0.85 1 The correlation matrix shows GDP has a positive relation with some variables and negative relation with some others. The variables with which GDP is positive related include exchange rate and net export. The variables such as interest rate, inflation and unemployment rate constitute a negative relation with GDP. There are economic explanations behind the statistical relationship obtained from the collected data. The first variable considered is the interest rate. The interest rate that is taken here is the cash rate or the rate charged by RBA on loan borrowed by commercial banks from the reserve bank. When RBA charges a high interest rate then this means a high cost for commercial banks for borrowed capital. This high cost is reflected from the interest rate charged by these banks on borrowed fund for investment. The investors when experience a high interest rate then they reduce their investment (Agnor and Montiel, 2015). This by contracting productive activities reduces GDP. Opposite is the case in times of a low cash rate. This explains the inverse relationship between the two variables. The unemployment rate in the economy is negatively related with GDP growth. The economic rationale behind this is quite simple. A growing trend in GDP means expansion of output. Expansion of in production of goods and services means a greater demand for labor force and hence a reduced unemployment rate (Madsen and Olesen, 2016). Inflation is both a cause and effect of higher GDP. When GDP grows, average income of people rises, demand enhances and push prices up. From the other end, when price level rises because of increased demand then more goods and services are produced and hence bring economic growth. However, for Australia inflation has resulted from increasing production cost and hence raises debt of household and business (tradingeconomics.com, 2018). Therefore, in case of Australia an opposite relation between inflation and GDP growth is found. The exchange rate represents the cost of purchasing some other countrys currency in terms of its domestic currency. The unit price of US dollar in terms of Australian dollar is considered for analysis. A rise in exchange rate means Australia now have to pay a higher amount to have one unit of US dollar than earlier. This deprecates Australian currency while appreciate US dollar. People in US now can demand a larger amount of Australian goods and service. This stimulates export demand and brings economic growth (Horwich and Samuelson, 2014). Therefore, a positive relation exits between exchange rate and GDP. Net export implies the balance of trade of a nation. A rising net export mean the country is earning more from export than its import spending and hence GDP rises. This therefore supports the positive correlation obtained between net export and GDP growth. Cash rate Figure 2: Trend in interest rate (Data Source: rba.gov.au, 2018) There is a gradual downfall in the cash rate. The cash varied for the time period varied in the range of 15.23% to 2.13%. The high cash rate during 1990 signifies a tight monetary policy of Australian government. However, economic recession in 1991 causes RBA to switch from a tight monetary policy to a monetary easing (Muffels, 2014). After recession year, cash rate though fluctuates but in mostly remain close to an average rate of 5.63%. In recent years, in order to achieve a targeted inflation of 2-3% RBA significantly reduces interest rate. This is indicated from a continuous fall in interest from 2012. The cash rate is now at a fairly stable rate of 1-2%. Inflation rate Figure 3: Price level trend in Australia (Data Source: data.worldbank.org, 2018) The consumer price inflation reflects change in average prices to maintain a certain standard of living between two different periods. In Australia, the mean inflation rate is 2.73%. RBA plays an important role in maintain stability in the price level (Lin and Cheng, 2016). The price level sharply fell in 1991 to 3.22% from 7.27% in the previous year. In times of Asian financial crisis price level reached to its lowest level of 0.25%. In order to recover the economy from recessionary trap stimulus has given with fiscal and monetary policy tool (Denny and Churchill, 2016). Finally, the economy is successful in achieving a stable price level ranging between 1 to 2 percent. Unemployment rate Figure 4: Trend in unemployment rate (Data Source: rba.gov.au, 2018) With a stable growth and inflation rate, unemployment in the economy has constituted a gradual declining trend. After achieving a maximum level of 10.90 percent in 1993, unemployment continuously fell and attained the lowest level of 4.20 percent in 2008. From 2008, unemployment rate has risen slightly and moves around 5-6%. Most jobs created in recent years are part time in nature (Makin, Robson and Ratnasiri, 2017). There are also mismatch in terms of location and skills of the unemployed people with that of the new jobs created. Therefore, despite increase in labor force participation unemployment rises. Exchange rate Figure 5: Movement of Exchange rate (Data Source: data.worldbank.org, 2018) The movement of exchange rate is not much fluctuating. The average price of US dollar relative to Australian dollar is 1.35. The exchange rate reached an all-time high of 1.93 in 2011 and lowest level of 0.97 during 2011-12. Net export Figure 6: Trade balance in Australia (Data Source: rba.gov.au, 2018) The trend in balance of trade reveals that Australia has enjoyed a trade surplus until 2007. Australia had a maximum trade surplus of 66.706 AUD billion in 2001. The maximum trade balance is associated with the highest exchange rate of 1.93. During 2008, Australia experienced a negative trade balance because of a reduction in export volume to US following the financial crisis originated in the end of 2007.During this time Australian dollar appreciated significantly causing a rise in import (Bhatnagar et al., 2017). The maximum trade deficit was realized in 2012 with net export became -51.198 AUD billion. The exchange rate fell to 0.97 during this time. Relationship between inflation and unemployment The general relationship between inflation and unemployment is explained by the popular macroeconomic concept of Phillips curve. The curve slopes downward implying an inverse relation between unemployment and inflation. In the short run, with increase in inflation unemployment rate falls and vice versa. The rationale behind this is simple. Price level increases from an increases in demand in the economy. The increased demand encourages production of goods and services. Hence, increased demand for goods and services is associated with an increased demand in the factor market. As labor demand increases unemployment decreases (Haas and Sattler, 2017) However, in the long run unemployment rate is fixed at its natural rate of unemployment and the Phillips curve is a vertical line over long run. Figure 7: Short run and long run Phillips curve (Source: Baumol and Blinder, 2016) The theoretical relation between inflation and unemployment is now verified empirically using historical data for Australia. The correlation as estimated from the data is -0.23. Therefore, the proposition of Phillips relation is supported in Australia. That means a small inflation is associated with a high unemployment rate. With increases in inflation unemployment reduces. In the beginning years of the decade 1990, unemployment has a clear opposite relation with inflation. After the hit of recession in 1991, the contraction of the economy reduces price to a considerable low level. This low inflation is then associated with high unemployment of above 10 percent. With gradual recovery of the price level unemployment reduces (Belicka and Saleh, 2014). However, overtime stable price level becomes one of the policy target of reserve bank. The wave of global financial crisis in 2008, inflation fell to 1.82. During this time unemployment rate slightly rose to 5.20 percent. Finally, with inflation targeting policy of RBA the price level stabilized between 1 to 2 percent (Trott, 2015). Despite a very low inflation rate unemployment rate still remains at around 6 percent. Figure 8: unemployment and inflation relation (Data Source: data.worldbank.org, 2018) Tight Monetary Policy in Australia Fiscal and monetary policy are the two stabilizing instrument used by Australian government. Depending on the state of economy, expansionary or contractionary policies are undertaken by the government. A tight monetary policy is one where RBA raises interest rate to a considerable high level. The increased rate increases the cost of borrowing and reduces investment. The reduced investment pulls down demand and inflation (Davig and Gurkaynak, 2015). In Australia, the monetary policy is designed by Reserve Bank of Australia. RBA resorted to a tight monetary policy during 1980. To reduce inflationary pressure, RBA set the cash rate to an exceptionally high level. The cash rate in 1991 was 15.23 and in 1992 it was at 10.64%. For the entire time framework considered, cash rate was never as much as that in these two years. The policy proved to be a failure after the recession occurred in 1991. The economy learned from its recessionary experience and realized the need for monetary easing. M onetary policy slightly tightened from 2004 to 2008 when RBA continuously raised the cash rate but at a relatively slow rate (rba.gov.au, 2018). However, from 2008 till date RBA again shows support to an easy monetary policy and maintains a low cash rate. Economic Outlook In the near future, the economy will continue to grow at a robust pace. With investment stimulus in sectors other than mining and housing aggregate demand will be increased. Additionally, export sector will grow with explored newly explored capacity of new resource sector. The employment growth by increasing average income will increase household consumption. Wages in the economy will grow gradually and price level will remain fairly stable. The sound fiscal position will provide necessary support in future and will maintain a projected growth rate of 3-4% (abc.net.au, 2017). With this, there is least risk future recession and more chance for further prosperity. Conclusion The paper has made close evaluation of economic performance of Australia. Australia has performed quite well in the last few years. The economic growth rate is fairly stable with a stable price level and improvement in employment status. Despite a negative external balance, the export sector has scope for future growth. The Reserve Bank has extended support towards a stable growth by keeping cash rate to a low level. The growth trend is expected to continue in future with overcoming possible shocks of recession. References ABC News. (2018).The Murphy's Law forecast for Australia's economy in 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-06/murphys-law-guide-to-australian-economy/8163918 [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. Acemoglu, D., Laibson, D. and List, J., 2017.Macroeconomics. Pearson. Agnor, P.R. and Montiel, P.J., 2015.Development macroeconomics. Princeton university press. Baumol, W.J. and Blinder, A.S., 2016.Principles of Macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Belicka, S. and Saleh, A.S., 2014. An empirical investigation of trade flows between Australia and its major trading partners.Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal,8(5), pp.47-78. Bhatnagar, S., Cormier, A.K., Hess, K., de Leon-Manlagnit, P., Martin, E., Rai, V., St-Cyr, R. and Sarker, S., 2017. Low Inflation in Advanced Economies: Facts and Drivers.Bank of Canada Staff Analytical Note,16. Data.worldbank.org. (2018).Australia | Data. [online] Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/australia [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. 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